الامل و الخوف

الامل و الخوف

يقول سبينوزا:
«لقد حاولت جادا ان لا أضحك على أفعال البشر ، أو أحزن عليها ، أو
أكرهها، بل أن أفهمها .»
الامل هو انتظار شيء ممكن يحدث او لا يحدث، الخوف كذلك الخوف
من شيء ممكن يحدث او لا يحدث، لهذا سمى سبينوزا الخوف باء غير
مستقر والامل فرحة غير مستقرة.
في نهاية المطاف يجب ان يختار الانسان، عند خوفه من اي شيء، من
مرض عضال سوف يقتله او من اعدام منتظر او حتى من خصام مع
اخر لاتفه الاشياء، عليه ان يختار، فماذا يختار؟ نعم عليه ان يختار هذا
«المقترح » ان يختار الامل، لان الانسان في طبعه العميق متامل للاشياء،
يحب الفرح، يكره الالم والمصائب والحروب وما يسبب له من منغصات.
الخوف ضروري للانسان في بعض الاحيان اقصد الخوف الذي يثير
الشك ويحرك الفكر، لا الخوف المادي، فالخوف محرك يجب ان يكون
للتفكير والامل من اجل ان يصل الانسان الى استقرار اكثر و من اجل
ان يبقى على توازن معقول وكاف لاستمرار الحياة.
هنآك رأي او نظرية تقول ان الخوف اوجد الله او الدين لان الإنسان يخاف
الموت او ما بعد الموت اذن اوجد الدين او الله ولانه يخاف او عاجز عن
غضب الطبيعة اذن اوجد كائن قوي قادر على كل شيءٍ يستقوي به،
و هذه حاجة روحية لردع الخوف والتسليم الى ذلك القوي الجبار الذي
اوجده هو بنفسه.
غاية ما يريد ان يصل اليه الانسان هو السعادة ، لكن كيف تصل الى
تلك السعادة، في تصوري هناك طريقان للوصول الى السعادة هما،
الحب والايمان هذان الطريقان هما الذان يجعا الإنسان قادر على ان
يحيى بسام مع ذاته ومع الاخر والطبيعة هذا السام الداخلي هو نبع
السعادهةالتي يصبوا لها.
فما هو الحب طبقا الى سبينوزا، انه الفهم وكذلك الايمان هم الفهم
والاستقرار، الفهم هو بشكل اخر الاستقرار او بعبارة اخرى الوصول الى
بر الامان كما يقال.
اذن سبينوزا في ما قال له الحق، فعلى الانسان ان يبحث و بشكل جاد
ان يفهم اسباب الاشياء « الخوف مثا » ومن ثم فهم اسباب الخوف
فان وصل الى نتيجة نهايتها الغريزة، عليه مراجعة حساباته و عليه ان
يفكر مليا ان غرائز الانسان ليست من الانسانية انها موجودة في كل
حيوان يعيش في هذه الحياة.

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