معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي والمياه الصناعية -المشاكل والحلول. /د. عادل شريف

ديسمبر 10, 2023

المشاهدات : 9215

د. عادل شريف

دورة المياه في العراق مغلقة لان جريان مياه الانهار جدا بطيء وكمية المياه المتوفرة جدا قليلة وبالتالي كلالمياه في انهار العراق يتم استخدامها اما لاغراض الشرب والزراعة والصناعة والبناء الخ. عدم معالجة مياهالصرف والمياه الصناعية قبل ارجعاها للانهار لها اثار صحية وبيئية واخلاقية واقتصادية واجتماعيةخطيرة. مياه الصرف الصحي تحتوي على مواد عضوية ومواد كيماوية من مواد الغسيل والتجميلوإنزيمات وهورمونات وادوية ومواد ذائبة اخرى. المعالجات التقليدية تزيل المواد العالقة وبعض الموادالعضوية ولكن لاتزيل المواد الكيميائية ولا الهورمونات ولا مواد التجميل ولا الهورمونات ولا المواد الذائبةالاخرى. ارجاع هذه المواد السامة والضارة الى الانهار تسبب كوارث صحية حيث يمكن ان تعود هذه الموادالى الانسان في مائدة طعامه من خلال الاسماك واللحوم والخضروات التي يتناولها والتي تعيش في اوعلى هذه المياه الملوثة. خطورة هذه الدائرة المغلقة للمياه لها كوارث صحية تظهر اثارها في ارتفاع نسبةالإصابة بالسرطان والأمراض  المزمنة الاخرى، حيث تشير دراسة لقسم الصحة العامة في كلية الطب لجامعةإمبريال كوليدج البريطانية سيكون في عام 2050 حوالي 50% من الشعب العراقي سيكون مصاببالسرطان وبسبب تلوث المياه والبيئة إذا استمر الوضع الحالي.

معالجة هذه المشكلة ممكنة جدا باستخدام الكتنلوجيا باستخدام تقنيات الاغشية وتقنيات اخرى لإزالة كلالمواد الذائبة في المياه إلى نسب مطابقة لمواصفات وزارة البيئة والصحة العراقية قبل إعادتها الى الانهار.

نحتاج وقفة وطنية مسؤولة ومخلصة لمعالجة هذه الكارثة الوطنية الخطيرة.

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