• عبد الحسين الشيخ علي
يمكننا القول ان قصيدة “عودة الطوفان” للشاعرة العراقية آلاء عبد الحي¹. تعبر عن معاناة المرأة في ظل الحروب والعنف والظلم، وتستخدم رموزاً وصوراً مستوحاة من الأساطير والديانات والتاريخ. تتحدث الشاعرة بصوت المرأة التي قتلت بالرصاص في وادي مظلم، وتوجه كلامها إلى باخوس، إله الخمر والشعر والفن في الميثولوجيا اليونانية، الذي يمثل لها حبيبها أو صديقها أو رفيقها في الحياة. تطلب منه أن يوقظها من موتها ويحاورها كما لو كانت شبح في حانته، وتصف له مشهد قتلها وكيف أن الرب والملائكة والأنبياء ضدها وأطلقوا عليها السلاح. تقول إنها شربت دمائها ورأت الرب يهبط كالدرويش يحوم حولها، وأن الشموع ترقص فوق رابية الغفران، وأن بقايا سنينها تتدحرج سائلة. تشعر بالخجل من عريها أمام الرب، وتنفي حاجتها إلى القيامة.
ثم تدعو باخوس إلى أن يأتي إليها عند عودة الطوفان، وأن يقتل نوح، نبي الطوفان في التوراة والإنجيل والقرآن، الذي يمثل لها رمز الخلاص والإنقاذ من الغرق. تقول إنها ستقبله وستغزو اتجاهاته، وستشدو ترانيم الطوفان، وأن لديها رغبة بالثأر منه والانتقام منه. تصف سنينها بأنها كالرصاص أو كأعقاب السجائر، التي هربت منها بلا صوت. تقول إن باخوس كالعشب الجاف يصارع الريح الضالة، وأن الموج يصطحبه إلى الضياع. تشير إلى أن هناك قريبين يقيمون لها العزاء على قباب صدرها، وأنها ستشكوهم في تحقيق الله. تستدعي باخوس وتنكر ذنبه بلا ضوضاء، وتقول إنها ستنهض من بين الحطام، عائدة من الطوفان البري. تختم قصيدتها باتهامات شديدة للرب، تقول إن جرائمه وقحة، وأنها لن تصبح ضحية بعد الآن. تطلب من باخوس أن يدلها إلى الرذيلة، وتقول إنها قرينة له في النور الفاني، وأن الآلهة تستلذ باغوائها. تنوح قرب قربانها، على اسرار القرى الوضيعة، وتقول إن نيشان جثتها يترنح على صدور القتلة. تسأل متى يتكلم الرماد والرصاص.
هذه القصيدة تعبر عن حالة من الثورة والتمرد والانكسار والإحباط والحزن والغضب والشوق والحب والكراهية في آن واحد. تستخدم الشاعرة لغة شعرية موسيقية ومجازية ومليئة بالصور الجمالية والمؤثرة. تستعير من الميثولوجيا اليونانية والديانات الإبراهيمية والتاريخ العربي والعالمي لتصور حالة المرأة في زمن الحروب. تستخدم أسلوب التناقض والمفارقة والتشبيه والتعبير المجازي لتبرز التناقض بين حياتها وموتها، بين حبها وكراهيتها، بين رغبتها في الخلاص وإصرارها على الغرق. تستخدم أسلوب التكرار والتشديد لتعزز من قوة مشاعرها وانفعالاتها. تستخدم أسلوب التحدث إلى باخوس كمخاطب مباشر لتجعل القصيدة أكثر حميمية وشخصية.
قصيدة الشاعرة العراقية الاء عبد الحي، تعبر عن حالة من اليأس والانكسار والثورة على الظلم والقهر والحرب التي تعاني منها الشاعرة ووطنها. القصيدة تستخدم رموزاً وصوراً شعرية متنوعة لإيصال رسالتها إلى المتلقي، وفيما يلي بعض الدلالات الشعرية في القصيدة:
الدلالات الشعرية في النص //
أولا / الغراب _
يرمز إلى الشؤم والكآبة والموت، فالشاعرة تقول “غادر الغراب رأسي” لتدل على أنها تخلت عن كل أمل في الحياة وأنها محكومة بالهلاك.
ثانيا / باخوس _
باخوس هو إله الخمر والنشوة في الميثولوجيا الإغريقية، ويرمز إلى الهروب من الواقع المرير والانغماس في المتع الجسدية والروحية. الشاعرة تنادي باخوس لينقذها من موتها ويحاورها كما لو كانت شبحًا في حانته، وتطلب منه أن يدلها إلى الرذيلة وأن يكون قرينًا لها في النور الفاني.
ثالثا / الطوفان _
فإنه يرمز إلى حدث كارثي يمحو كل شيء من على وجه الأرض، ويرتبط بقصة نوح في التوراة والإنجيل والقرآن.لذلك تستخدم هذا الرمز لتصور حالة من الدمار والفوضى التي تجتاح بلادها بسبب الحروب والصراعات، وتعبر عن رغبتها في الثأر من باخوس وقتل نوح، أي إبادة كل ما هو حي. كما تستخدم هذا الرمز لتشير إلى عودتها من الموت كمنجية من الطوفان، أو كشمس تضئ الأحياء.
رابعا / الشموع _
ترمز إلى الضوء والأمل في ظلام الموت،فكأنما تقول “تتراقص الشموع فوق رابية الغفران” لتصور مشهدًا من المغفرة والسكينة بعد معاناتها. كما تستخدم هذه الصورة لتظهر تناقضًا بين حياتها المظلمة وحياتها بعد الموت.
خامسا / الذباب _
يرمز إلى التفسخ والانحطاط والإزعاج، فتقول “لا يزال شبحي يبكيني، ويقيم الذباب سرادق العزاء” لتصور حجم استخفاف المجتمع بحالها وإهانته لكرامتها.
– **الرصاص**: يرمز إلى العنف والقتل والإرهاب،وهنا تقول “لقد اطلقوا الرصاص على رأسي” و”سنيني كما الرصاص” و”متى يتكلم الرصاص؟” لتعبر عن مدى تعرضها للظلم والاضطهاد والاغتيال.
-سادسا / الدرويش _
هو شخص يتبع طريقة صوفية تهدف إلى التقرب من الله بالذكر والرقص والانبساط. واستخدمت هذه الصورة لتصور رؤيتها لله كمن يحوم حولها في حالة من النشوة والغفلة عن معاناتها.
سابعا / بلاط جسدك _
وهو المكان الذي تجتمع فيه المتع والشهوات، حيث تقول “بلاط جسدك حبلى بالشتائم” لتعبر عن رفضها للحب الزائف والخيانة والإهانة التي تلقتها من باخوس.
بعض الدلالات الشعرية في القصيدة //
اولا / الرب _ فهو يرمز إلى القوة والسلطة والعدالة، فا استخدمت هذا المفهوم لتعبر عن علاقتها المتناقضة مع الإيمان والدين، فأحيانًا تناديه لينجيها من موتها وأحيانًا تتهمه بجرائمه وقحة وترفض حاجتها إلى القيامة.
ثانيا / الدم _ يرمز إلى الحياة والموت والفداء والثورة، فالشاعرة تستخدم هذه الصورة لتصور حالة من الضحية والشهادة والانتفاضة التي تشعر بها، فهي تقول “شربت كؤوس دمي” و”ثمة حفنة دماء” و”جثث لاهثة بأسمك يا الله”.
ثالثا / النار _ ترمز تلك المفردة حسب موقعها في النص إلى الحرب والخراب والعذاب والتطهير، لذلك استخدمت هذه الصورة لتصور حالة من الدمار والفوضى التي تجتاح بلادها بسبب الحروب والصراعات، وتعبر عن حالة من المعاناة والألم التي تشعر بها، وتطلب من باخوس أن ينقذها.
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