كلمة ونصف
عفيفة إسكندر. . الصوت الخالد الذي وصلت شهرته لمصر ولبنان والخليج
ظافر جلود
بالصدفة شاهدت برنامج تلفزيوني منشور عبر صفحة الفنان العراقي الكبير سامي قفطان ” طال الله فيعمره “عبر الفيس وهو يقابل الفنانة الراحلة عفيفة اسكندر الذي مرت الذكرى السنوية الثامنة لرحيلها قبلفترة وجيزة عن عمر ناهز 91 عاما، حيث ولدت في مدينة الموصل من أب أرمني وأم يونانية في عام 1921،وبرعت في الغناء منذ نعومة أظفارها، ثم ما لبثت أن طوّرت موهبتها وارتقت إلى سُلَّم الفنانين الذين ذاعصيتهم في زمانها حتى أطلقت عليها ألقاب عديدة.
الحوار او المقابلة كانت شيقة وفيها من خزائن السيرة لعفيفة إسكندر التي كانت متواضعة جدا وهي تسردهذه المذكرات التي هي بالتالي جزءا من تاريخ الطرب والموسيقى العراقي .. تواضعت جدا الراحلة ذاتالصوت الساحر العذب وطلبت من قفطان ان يرفع حواز الدبلوماسية بينهما وان يترك المسميات الرنانة فقطيناديها باسم ” عفيفة او عفة” لأنها بالتالي فنانة وملك الناس، وتترك انطباعا محترما عند الأجيال الحالية.
ومن منا لا يتذكر منا اغنياتها وأكثرها شيوعا حتى الآن “حبيبي عيدك مبارك“، وأن أغنية “يا يمه أنطينيالدربين” كانت الأجمل ولا تزال تُغنى في مختلف المناسبات.كذلك “يا عاقد. الحاجبين” و“يا سكري ياعسلي” و“حرقت الروح” لا تزال حاضرة لدى العراقيين وأعاد الكثير من الفنانين غناءها. حيث ان عددأغانيها يزيد على أي فنان عربي مشهور، فحتى أم كلثوم لم تغن ربع عدد أغانيها، غير أنها لم تحظ بشهرةعربية واسعة“.
ويذهب المتابعين للغناء العراقي ان سبب شهرة هذه الأغاني إلى ثمرة تعاونها مع أبرز ملحني عصرهاالعراقيين مثل أحمد الخليل وخزعل مهدي وياسين الشيخلي، فضلا عن تنقلاتها ما بين مصر وسوريا ولبنانوالخليج التي أتاحت لها الاطلاع على مختلف أنواع الغناء، وبالتالي كانت تغني الفصحى والعاميةالعراقية بمختلف ألوانها.
وتنحدر عفيفة إسكندر من عائلة فنية أجادت الكثير من أنواع الفنون، إذ يقول الممثل المسرحي عضو نقابةالفنانين العراقيين محمد العمر إن والدتها “ماريكا ديمتري” كانت عازفة على 4 آلات موسيقية، وعملت مغنيةفي أحد نوادي بغداد الليلية حتى عام 1940، أما والدها فكان مغنيا وعاشقا لفنون الغناء والألحان.
ونظرا لشغف عائلتها بالفن، بدأت إسكندر الغناء وهي في عمر الخامسة، إلا أن إلى أن أولى حفلاتها كانتفي عام 1935 بمدينة أربيل (شمال العراق) وهي في الـ 14 من العمر، حيث لم يقف زواجها المبكر وهي فيالـ 12 من العمر عائقا أمام طموحها.
كما وأن زوجها الموسيقي إسكندر إصطفيان شجّعها على الاستمرار في الغناء وفي تطوير موهبتها، فأحيتعشرات الحفلات في نوادي بغداد حتى دخلت أغانيها الإذاعة العراقية عام 1937، لينتشر فنها في كل مكان،ما أتاح حصولها على لقب (المونولوجست) من قبل المجمع العربي الموسيقي وذلك لإجادتها ألوان الغناءوالمقامات العراقية، فضلا عن منحها لقب شحرورة العراق.
وعن إجادتها للمقام لعراقي، يعلق العمر “يمكن اعتبار (عفيفة) إسكندر أول امرأة عراقية أجادت الغناءبالمقامات العراقية الصعبة، فضلا عن أنها أول من غنت القصيدة الفصيحة إلى جانب القصائد الشعريةالشعبية والجالغي البغدادي“. وبمسيرة حافلة قدمت الشحروة 1500 أغنية في مختلف أنواع الغناءالعراقي والمقامات، فضلا عن مشاركتها في الفيلم المصري (يوم سعيد) رفقة الفنان محمد عبد الوهاب وفاتنحمامة.
وكان آخر محطة فنية لعفيفة إسكندر قبل عام من وفاتها وهي في الـ 90 من عمرها عندما شاركت في مسلسل(فاتنة بغداد) الذي يعد امتدادا لمشاركاتها التلفزيونية والسينمائية فيما يقرب من 11 فيلما كان من أبرزهافيلما “القاهرة ـ بغداد” و“ليلى في العراق“.
ورغم الرصيد الفني الكبير وشهرتها في العصر الملكي، وأن صالونها الغنائي الذي أسسته في أربعينياتالقرن الماضي ببغداد، شهد حضور كبار رجالات العهد الملكي والفنون والأدب، وكان رئيس الوزراء العراقيحينها نوري السعيد حريصا على حضور مجالسها كل يوم اثنين، فضلا عن إعجاب الملك فيصل الأولبأغانيها وحب الوسط الفني لها ولفنها. لكن سنوات الأخيرة كانت مليئة بالوحدة والعزلة والإهمال.
إلا أن هذا الحب والدعم الملكي، انتهى مع الانقلاب الذي أطاح بالعهد الملكي عام 1958، حيث تسبب رفضهالقتل العائلة المالكة بمشكلات كبيرة لها وإهمال متعمد من قبل رئيس الوزراء العراقي آنذاك عبد الكريم قاسم،حيث لم تتحسن علاقتها مع الدولة إلا في عهد الرئيس العراقي عبد السلام عارف، كما يشير إلى أنها لم تلقأي اهتمام من الحكومات العراقية المتعاقبة ونقابة الفنانين وعانت في السنوات الأخيرة من عمرها من العزلةوالوحدة والفقر.
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