عبدالزهرة مطر الكعبي
القناعة بضرورة توظيف المال الوطني لبناء شبكات السكك قد بنيت على نتائج التجارب العالمية مضافا اليها تقييمات تنفيذ مبادرة الحزام والطريق في افريقيا التي كانت باكورة التطبيق العملي لها، لقد نقلت الينا الكثير من وسائل الاعلام بعضها محايد من وجود تفضيل للمصالح الصينية على حساب البلدان التي تم تنفيذ تلك المشاريع فيها ، وكمثال على ذلك ما جاء في دراسة صادرة من جامعة كرينج بعنوان تمويل النقل العام حيث ذكرت ان مشروع سكة حديد عالية السرعة الذي قامت بتمويله وتنفيذه شركات صينية في كينيا لربط العاصمة نيروبي بالمدينة الساحلية مومباسا ، قد اتصف بكلفته الباهضة بالمقارنة مع الاسعار العالمية السائدة ، وافتقاره الى الشفافية ، وتضمين العقد على ان القوانين الصينية هي التي تحكم منازعات الاتفاقية وهذا يخالف العقود الدولية المتبعة التي تنص ان تكون محاكم البلد صاحب المشروع هي المعتمدة ، اضافة الى وجود شبهات فساد ، من خلال القاء السلطات الكينية القبض على سبعة من مسؤولي شركة CRBC الصينية متهمين بتقديم رشوة الى المحققين الكينين المكلفين بالبحث عن الفساد في المشروع ، اضافة الى وصول بلاغات للحكومة الكينية بوجود تمايز عنصري ضد الموظفين الكينين من قبل كبار المسؤولين في الشركات الصينية المنفذة للمشروع
الربط البيني مع دول الجوار رغم انه يوفر للعراق أوراق ضغط مهمة لكون دول الجوار هي من تحتاج الى هذا الربط ، كذلك يحمل بين طياته فكرة التكامل الاقتصادي الاقليمي لأهم منطقة أقتصادية في العالم ، وقد يكون ذلك مدعاة لتجمع اقتصادي اقليمي لنواة ، تستيطع من خلالها المنطقة من خلق كيان اقتصادي يفرض ارادته وينهي التبعية لدوله بصورتها المتفرقة الحالية ، اسوة بالتجمعات التي ميزت بداية الالفية الثالثة نحو تشكيل تجمعات اقتصادية للتخلص من تبعات النظام العالمي الاقتصادي والسياسي عقب انتهاء الحرب العالمية الثانية الذي سمح لهيمنة الدول المنتصرة على ثروات الشعوب الفقيرة والحديثة الاستقلال، كما ان تجمع مزمع لهذه المنطقة التي تتمتع بموقع جغرافي مهم وتحتوي اراضيها على اهم ةموارد الطاقة العالمية ناهيك عن ثروات كثيرة كفيل بتحويلها من ملتهبة منهمكة بصراعات هامشية، والربط السككي بين هذه الدول سيكون حافز للتكامل فيما بينها وسيكون المستفيد الاول العراق بطبيعة موقعه الجغرافي ، وايضا ستوفر هذه الشبكة مزيد من فرص الاستثمار في التنمية ،
وكما اوضحنا فيما مضى يجب ان يخضع ذلك الربط للمصلحة الوطنية وسيادة البلد ومسلتزمات الامن القومي للبلد وفق معايير فنية خاصة ، لتلافي حدوث تهديدات امنية خارجية ، استوحي ذلك من خلال تجربة المانيا وفرنسا في الحرب العالمية الثانية ، وكذلك فترة التوترات في العلاقة بين الصين الماوية والاتحاد السوفيتي التي ادت الى الغاء الربط بين البلدين عبر منغوليا، عدا ذلك لا خط احمر على اي نوع من الربط ، لان موقع العراق الجغرافي هو وحده من يجعل الجميع يأمل بشرف الربط معه ،
ونتمنى ان يمتد الربط الى ابعد من ذلك، من خلال انعاش مشروع قطار الشرق السريع الذي يربط العراق باوربا عبر برلين، الذي سبق مبادرة الحزام والطريق او المبادرة الحكومية المسماة طريق التنمية باكثر من مائة عام والذي يؤكد على اهمية موقع العراق وجدوى الربط معه ، ليكون بديلا للمبادرات الحالية المثيرة للجدل والتي احدثت خلفها ارتدادات في الرأي العام العراقي بين مؤيد ومعارض حتى اضحت برامج مفرقة
الربط السككي ضرورة للتطور الاقتصادي – 4 –
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