{"id":19482,"date":"2024-01-02T02:52:04","date_gmt":"2024-01-02T02:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lightseagreen-caterpillar-843887.hostingersite.com\/?p=19482"},"modified":"2025-02-19T23:59:47","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T23:59:47","slug":"%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%a1-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%ac%d8%b0%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/?p=19482","title":{"rendered":"\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 *<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0630<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/span> \u0645\u062d\u0637<\/span> \u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/span> \u062f\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/span> \u0644\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639<\/span> \u0628\u0647<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/span> \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b<\/span> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/span>\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642<\/span>, <\/span>\u0641\u0647\u0648<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637<\/span> \u0631\u0623\u0633<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/span> , <\/span>\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u00a0 <\/span>\u0630\u0627\u0639<\/span> \u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span>\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f\u00a0 <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0641<\/span> \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/span> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u0631\u0636<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/span>\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c <\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u062d\u062f\u064d<\/span> \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/span>. <\/span>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/span> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631 <\/span>\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f <\/span>): <\/span>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064f<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> (<\/span>\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span>) <\/span>\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/span> \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627<\/span> \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647<\/span> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c<\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span>, <\/span>\u0641\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627<\/span> \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647<\/span> \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627<\/span> \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627<\/span>\u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647<\/span> \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/span> \u0644\u0630\u0627<\/span> \u062f\u062e\u0644<\/span>\u0636\u0645\u0646<\/span> \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u062d\u062a\u0649<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0642\u0628\u0644<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1914<\/span>\u0645<\/span>\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/span> .<\/span>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0634\u0643\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d<\/span> \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627<\/span> \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646<\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/span> \u0644\u0630\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d<\/span> ((<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u063a\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span> )), <\/span>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0630<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/span>\u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/span> \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/span> \u062d\u0643\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639<\/span> \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span>\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u0648<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span> \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span>\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641<\/span> \u0646\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a <\/span> \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631<\/span> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/span>.<\/p>\n

<\/span>\"\"\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/span> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0648<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1640<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0648<\/span> \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a<\/span> \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span>, <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0648<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/span> \u0644\u0645<\/span> \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 <\/span> \u062a\u062c\u062f<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0623<\/span>\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/span> \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/span> \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647<\/span> \u0648\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a\u0647<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u0642\u0631\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d<\/span> \u0648\u0632\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b<\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0630<\/span> \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> 1775<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632<\/span> \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0644\u0647<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643<\/span> \u0633\u0641\u0646<\/span> \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639<\/span> \u062a\u062c\u0648\u0628<\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0646\u0647\u0631<\/span> \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0648<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span>1798<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u0633\u0645\u062d<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u062d\u0633\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/span> \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0648\u0641\u064a<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1808<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631<\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644<\/span> \u0647\u0648<\/span> \u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0639\u0645\u0644<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span>\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0646\u062c\u062d<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span> \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/span>, <\/span>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/span>\u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647<\/span> \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u062d\u0637<\/span> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span>, <\/span>\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627<\/span> \u0648<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0623\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/span> , <\/span>\u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0634\u0639\u0631<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064d<\/span> \u0628\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0645<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span>\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u060c <\/span> \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/span> \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u0625\u0630\u0627<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span>. <\/span>\u0644\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u062f\u0639\u0645<\/span> “<\/span>\u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span>” <\/span>\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/span> \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645<\/span>\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0646\u062f<\/span> \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/span> \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f<\/span> \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647<\/span> \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span>\u062d\u0631\u0633<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0641\u062c\u0639\u0644<\/span> \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0634\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/span>\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647<\/span> \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0631\u0633\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/span> \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0632\u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/span> \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> , <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> \u062d\u0635\u0644<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1820<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d<\/span> \u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0630\u0647\u0628\u0646\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0642\u0648\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u062d\u0642<\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0636<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/span> \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 <\/span> \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u0623\u062d\u062a\u062c<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627<\/span> \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647<\/span> \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641<\/span> \u0628\u0623\u064a<\/span> \u062d\u0642<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u062a<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644<\/span>\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0631\u062a<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0646<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a<\/span> \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0628<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u062b\u0645<\/span> \u062d\u0644\u062a<\/span>\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u062d\u062c\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0639\u0646\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0628<\/span> \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c<\/span> \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span> .<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/span> \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u062d\u062c\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0644\u062f\u0649<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0641\u064a <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/span> \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647<\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0647<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631<\/span> , <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644<\/span> \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 <\/span>\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0644<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u062d\u062c\u0645<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643<\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span>\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646<\/span> “<\/span>\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0631” <\/span> \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/span> \u0631\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628<\/span>\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1821<\/span>\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/span> \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/span>\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633<\/span> \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644<\/span> \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f<\/span> \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634<\/span> \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0628<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u0636<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c<\/span> \u0643\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/span> \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647<\/span> \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/span> \u0644\u0645<\/span> \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628<\/span> \u0628\u0644<\/span> \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062b\u062a<\/span>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u0639\u0627\u0645 1828 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062a ” \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a <\/span>\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0632”<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> \u0633\u0643\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0635\u0644<\/span> \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a<\/span> \u0644\u0647<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0632\u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627<\/span> ,\u00a0 <\/span>\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u060c<\/span>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1842 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629 ” \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a” \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 . <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643<\/span> \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0630\u0643\u0631<\/span> “\u062d\u0646\u0627 <\/span>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0648”<\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647<\/span> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628<\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u0648<\/span> \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1675<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0623\u0639\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/span> \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0641\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645<\/span> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/span> 3% <\/span>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646<\/span> 7.5% <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u0635\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> 8.5% <\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> , <\/span>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/span> , <\/span>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0644<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> , <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0646<\/span>\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/span> \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644<\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0630\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/span> \u0625\u062a\u0636\u062d<\/span>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0635\u0631\u062d<\/span> “<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/span> \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0646”<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1892<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u0628\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/span>: <\/span>\u064a\u062c\u0628<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span>\u0636\u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/span>, <\/span>\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/span> \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/span> 921 <\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1891<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u062d\u064a\u062b<\/span> \u0642\u0627\u0644<\/span> \u0625\u0646<\/span> \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u062a\u0642\u0639<\/span> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/span> \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f<\/span>\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0628<\/span> \u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 <\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1911<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/span> (<\/span>\u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span>\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636<\/span> \u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u0644<\/span>\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/span>) , <\/span>\u0648\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1909<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0643\u062a\u0628<\/span> \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/span> \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span> “<\/span>\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646”<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u0648<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b<\/span> \u0639\u0646<\/span> \u062d\u062c\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1910<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/span> (<\/span>\u0623\u0646\u0649<\/span> \u062c\u0644\u062a<\/span> \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0643<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0643<\/span> \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0623\u0644\u0641<\/span> \u0634\u0626<\/span> \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637<\/span>\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/span>) <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627<\/span> \u0646\u062c\u062f<\/span> \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u062a\u0644\u0643<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/span> 12 <\/span>\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/span>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u062a\u0644\u0643<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/span> \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1926<\/span>\u0645<\/span> . <\/span>\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643<\/span> \u0639\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u0636<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span>\u0628\u0639\u0636<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0642\u0628\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f<\/span>\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1913<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span>\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0633\u0628\u0642<\/span> \u0628\u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u063a\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647<\/span> \u0642\u0628\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1914<\/span>\u0645<\/span> , <\/span>\u0641\u0644\u0645<\/span> \u064a\u0643\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/span> \u0642\u062f<\/span> \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0645<\/span> \u064a\u0643\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0645\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u0644<\/span> \u0634\u0641\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span>\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636<\/span> \u0639\u0646<\/span> \u0643\u062b\u0628<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646<\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0625\u062a\u062e\u0630<\/span> \u0634\u0643\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645<\/span> \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629<\/span>\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645<\/span> \u0634\u0643\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u064a<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629<\/span> 1922<\/span>\u0645<\/span>, <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0643\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/span>\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0645<\/span> \u062a\u0643\u0646<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0637\u0631\u0641<\/span> \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a<\/span> \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0641<\/span> \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644<\/span> , <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/span> \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0630<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1917<\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u2013 1920 <\/span>\u0645<\/span> \u0647\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/span>\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0628\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628<\/span> .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1917 <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1958<\/span>\u060c<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d<\/span>\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/span> 1917<\/span>\u060c<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/span> \u062d\u0642<\/span> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0644\u0645<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0642<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0632<\/span> \u062f\u0648\u0631<\/span> \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1921 <\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/span> \u0639\u0646<\/span> \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/span> 1926 <\/span>\u0648<\/span>1927 <\/span>\u0648<\/span>1930<\/span>\u060c<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> 3 <\/span>\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span> 1932<\/span>\u060c<\/span> \u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c<\/span> \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0627<\/span>\u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a<\/span> \u062a\u062d\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u062d\u062a\u0649<\/span> \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span> 1958.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a<\/span> \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0636\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> –<\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648<\/span> 1941- <\/span>\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> \u0646\u062c\u062d<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0637\u0631\u062f<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u061b<\/span> \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c<\/span> \u0644\u0630\u0627<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f<\/span>\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0643\u0639\u0636\u0648<\/span> \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1945 <\/span>\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a<\/span> 20 <\/span>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span>\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1948 (<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641<\/span> \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span>)<\/span>\u060c<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u0638\u0644<\/span> \u062a\u062d\u062a<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u062d\u062a\u0649<\/span> \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1958.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646<\/span> \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/span> \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/span> \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0631\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span>\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u064b<\/span> \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064b\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/span>\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u061b<\/span> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641<\/span> \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> –<\/span>\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span> \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span> 1958- <\/span>\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0629\u064b<\/span> \u0646\u062d\u0648<\/span> \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/span>–<\/span>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span>–<\/span>\u060c<\/span> \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/span> \u0639\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0646<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c<\/span> \u0638\u0644\u062a<\/span> \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> –<\/span>\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span>– <\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1967<\/span>\u060c<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span> \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643<\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0639<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0641\u064a<\/span> \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a<\/span> \u063a\u0636\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/span> \u0625\u0630<\/span> \u0642\u064f\u0637\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0650<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c<\/span>\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span> –<\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span> 1991- <\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span> \u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/span> \u0636\u062f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u061b<\/span> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 * \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637 \u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642, \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 , \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u00a0 \u0630\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21970,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_vp_views_count":"288","footnotes":""},"categories":[11,8,2,3,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-11","category-8","category-main","category-3","category-alaa"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19482"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19486,"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19482\/revisions\/19486"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almustaqel.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}